PERBEDAAN PENGAMBILAN RISIKO WIRAUSAHA DITINJAU DARI JENIS MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship is an activity that involves risk, so a risk-taking attitude is required for entrepreneurs to develop a business. Previous studies have confirmed that entrepreneurs' risk-taking is affected by individuals' motivation to start businesses. However, most studies focused on two types of motivation - necessity-based or opportunity-based or pulled and pushed - even though individual entrepreneurial motivations vary. This research aims to fill the gap by examining the risk-taking in 100 entrepreneurs regarding six types of motivation (Reluctant entrepreneurs, convenience entrepreneurs, economically driven entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs, learning and earning entrepreneurs, and prestige and control entrepreneurs). Participants are 100 entrepreneurs in South Sulawesi who are founders, run their businesses every day, and are willing to participate in the research. The effects of examination suggest a distinction in the risk-taking of entrepreneurs based on their motivation. Prestige and control entrepreneurs are the highest risk-takers, while social entrepreneurs are the lowest. Research also suggests that the effect of education on risk-taking is significantly different. However, the difference in risk-taking among male and female entrepreneurs is insignificant. Our research has potential practical benefits to assist policymakers or business advisors in mapping risks according to business development potential based on an entrepreneur's entrepreneurial motivation categories, help women to increase their confidence in taking risks for their businesses, and encourage entrepreneurs to continue to learn and improve their abilities in both formal and informal environments.
Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial risk-taking
ABSTRAK
Kewirausahaan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang memiliki risiko, sehingga diperlukan sikap berani mengambil risiko bagi wirausaha dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengkonfirmasi bahwa pengambilan risiko wirausaha dipengaruhi oleh motivasi individu untuk memulai bisnis. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian berfokus pada dua jenis motivasi – berdasarkan kebutuhan (necessity-based) atau berdasarkan peluang (opportunity-based) atau pulled and pushed – meskipun motivasi berwirausaha individu berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan mengkaji pengambilan risiko pada 100 wirausaha mengenai enam jenis motivasi, yaitu reluctant entrepreneurs, convenience entrepreneurs, economically driven entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs, learning and earning entrepreneurs, dan prestige and control entrepreneurs. Responden penelitian adalah 100 wirausaha di Sulawesi Selatan yang merupakan pendiri, menjalankan usahanya setiap hari dan bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Dampak dari pemeriksaan ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dalam pengambilan risiko yang dilakukan wirausaha berdasarkan motivasi mereka. Prestige and control entrepreneurs merupakan pengambil risiko tertinggi, sedangkan social entrepreneurs merupakan pengambil risiko paling rendah. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pendidikan terhadap pengambilan risiko berbeda secara signifikan. Namun, perbedaan pengambilan risiko antara wirausaha laki-laki dan perempuan tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini mempunyai potensi manfaat praktis untuk membantu pengambil kebijakan atau penasihat bisnis dalam memetakan risiko sesuai potensi pengembangan usaha berdasarkan kategori motivasi wirausaha seorang wirausaha, membantu perempuan untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dalam mengambil risiko bagi usahanya, dan mendorong wirausaha untuk terus belajar dan meningkatkan kemampuannya baik di lingkungan formal maupun informal.
Kata Kunci: motivasi berwirausaha, pengambilan risiko, wirausahaKeywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jiva.v5i1.3010
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