Contemporary Ijtihad Deconstruction in The Supreme Court: Wasiat Wajibah as An Alternative for Non-Muslim Heirs in Indonesia
Abstract
This research aims to critically analyze and deconstruct the rules and theoretical rules of ijtihad and its implementation in resolving contemporary Islamic inheritance law issues that develop in the Supreme Court. The focus of this research is on the wasiat wajibah (compulsory testament) as an alternative for non-Muslim heirs. This field research uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain the conception of ijtihad comprehensively. The primary data for this research came from interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted with several Religious Court Judges and Religious High Court Judges. Meanwhile, observation was conducted in several religious courts and high religious courts. Secondary data came from library data such as Supreme Court decisions on compulsory testaments for non-Muslim heirs. In addition, this library data is also supported by classical books (yellow book), scientific articles, internet websites, etc., related to the research topic. In several of its decisions, this study found that the Supreme Court has carried out modern ijtihad in Islamic inheritance law by providing an alternative law in the form of a compulsory testament for non-Muslim heirs to enjoy the inheritance of Muslim heirs. This alternative law is a product of the ijtihad of judges through the renewal of ijtihad methodology in the context of legal discovery (rechtvinding), which aims to distribute a sense of justice to parties prevented from getting inherited property. The birth of several Supreme Court decisions, such as decisions number 16 K/AG/2010, 218 K/AG/2016, and 331 K/AG/2018, which provide legal alternatives in the form of compulsory testaments for non-Muslim heirs, is a historical necessity that must be interpreted positively for the sake of future history.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Amidi. (n.d.). al-Ihkam fi Ushu al-Ahkam. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. M. (n.d.). al-Mustashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Hudari. (1981). Ushul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Jauziyah, I. Q. (n.d.). I’lam al-Muwaqqi’in ‘an Rabb al-‘Alam. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Khadimi, N. bin M. (1998). al-Ijtihad al-Maqashidi; Hujjiyatuhu, Dlawabituhu, Majalatuhu. Wizarat al-Auqaf wa al-Syu’un al-Islamiyyah.
Al-Khashif, M. al-H. (1982). Ashl al-Shi’ah wa Ushuluha. Mu’assasat al-’Alami.
Al-Syairazi, A. I. I. bin ‘Ali. (n.d.). al-Luma’ Fi Ushu al-Fiqh. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Al-Syaukani, M. I. ‘Ali. (n.d.). Irsyad al-Fukhul ila Tahqia al-Haqq min ‘Ilm al-Ushul. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Syirazi, A. I. (1999). al-Luma’ fi Ushul al-Fiqh. Muhammad ‘Ali Shabih.
Ali, S. (2014). Ushul Fiqh. Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
An-Na’im, A. A. (1994). Towards an Islamic Reformation: Islamic Law in History and Society Today. SIS Forum.
An-Namr, A. M. (1978). al Ijtihad. al Hay’ah al Mishriyah al ‘Ammah li al Kitab.
As-Syafi’i, M. bin I. (n.d.). ar-Risalah. Dinamikas Barakah Utama.
Asa’ari, A., Zufriani, Z., Arzam, A., & Witro, D. (2021). Urgensi Pemahaman Terhadap Maqashid Al-Syari’ah dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Istinbath Al-Ahkam. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah, 13(2), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i2.13818
Bakr, A. F. M. ibn ’Abdul K. ibn A. (1967). al-Milah wa an-Nihal. Musthafa al-Babi al-Halabi.
Bik, M. K. (1981). Ushul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Fikr.
Bukhari. (n.d.). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dar al-Fikr.
Fawaid, A. (2013). Tradisi Ijtihad: Mengembalikan Semangat Progresivitas Islam. Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v0i0.2414
Hafidh, A. (2011). Meretas Nalar Syariah (Konfigurasi Pergulatan Akal dalam Pengkajian Hukum Islam). Teras.
Hazairin. (1981). Hukum Kewarisan Bilateral Menurut al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Tintamas.
Kamarudin, K. (2015). Penerapan wasiat wajibah bagi ahli waris non Muslum (Studi kasus perkara No.16K/AG/2010). MIZANI: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 25(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v2i2.79
Khallaf, A. W. (1978). Ilmu al-Ushul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Qalam.
Kustiawan, M. T., Rasidin, M., Witro, D., & Jalaluddin, M. L. (2023). Fragmentation of Dakwah Media: Exploring Exclusive Islam in Indonesia Post-Reform Popular Islamic Novels. Ulumuna, 27(1), 258–290. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i1.530
Maimun, M. (2013). Reorientasi ijtihad kontemporer: Analisis hukum Islam. Al-’Adalah, 11(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v11i2.254
Maimun, M., Harisah, H., Hanafi, I., & Sulaiman, Z. (2021). Analyzing the Maduranese’s Traditional Inheritance from al-Tūfi’s Maslahah Theory. Al-’Adalah, 18(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v18i1.8649
Manzur, I. (n.d.). Lisan al-’Arab. Dar al-Shadir.
Mughniyah, M. J. (2010). Fiqh Lima Mazhab. Lentera.
Nurjaman, M. I., & Witro, D. (2021). The Relevance of the Theory of Legal Change According to Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah in Legal Products by Fatwa DSN-MUI Indonesia. El-Mashlahah, 11(2), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i2.3181
Putra, A. P. (2022). Teori Limit Muhammad Syahrur Dalam Studi Islam. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 1(6), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v1i6.1028
Rahman, F. (1981). Ilmu Waris. Al-Maarif.
Rasidin, M., Arzam, A., Zufriani, Z., & Witro, D. (2021). Hadis tentang Jual Beli dan Riba: Implementasi pada Sistem Kredit. El Mudhorib: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 2(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.53491/elmudhorib.v2i1.84
Rasidin, M., Witro, D., & Sidqi, I. (2020). Kebijakan Ali Ibn Abi Thalib dalam Ijtihad. Al Imarah: Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Islam, 5(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v5i2.3496
Riadi, E. (2012). Paradigma Baru Hukum Waris Islam di Indonesia. In M. A. Karim (Ed.), Problematika Hukum Kewarisan Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia (p. 66). Puslitbang Kehidupan Keagamaan Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI.
Ridwan, M., Umar, M. H., & Ghafar, A. (2021). Sumber-Sumber Hukum Islam Dan Implementasinya (Kajian Deskriptif Kualitatif Tentang Al-Qur’an, Sunnah, dan Ijma’). Borneo: Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(2), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.37567/borneo.v1i2.404
Riyanta. (2012). Dekonstruksi Ruang Lingkup Ijtihad. Sosio Religia, 10(1).
Rohman, A., & Witro, D. (2022). Legalitas Tafsir Tabiín dalam Khazanah Tafsir Al-Quran. Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 8(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.31332/zjpi.v8i1.3652
Rusli, N. (1998). Konsep Ijtihad al-Syaukani, Relevansinya bagi Pembaruan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Logos.
Rusyana, A. Y., & Witro, D. (2021). Economic Thought of Al-Mawardi: Analysis of Educator Salary Position. Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 10(1), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v10i1.9260
Rusyd, I. (1995). Bidayah al Mujtahid wa Nijayah al Muqtashid. Dar al-Fikr.
Siroj, A. M. (2017). Pembaruan Hukum Islam di Indonesia (Telaah Kompilasi Hukum Islam). Pustaka Ilmu.
Sodiqin, A. (2013). Fiqh Ushul Fiqh. Beranda Publishing.
Spencer, R. (2002). Islam Unveiled. Encounter Books.
Suma, M. A. (1991). Ijtihad ibn Taymiyyah dalam Bidang Fikih Islam. INIS.
Supena, I., & Fauzi, M. (2002). Dekonstruksi dan Rekontruksi Hukum Islam. Gama Media.
Sutomo, H. (2011). Dinamika Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Indonesia, Studi atas Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung RI.
Syadzali, M. (1977). Ijtihad Kemanusiaan. Pena Islam, 1(September), 36.
Syaltut, M. (1980). al-Islam Aqidah wa Syari’ah. Dar al-Syuruq.
Syihab, U. (n.d.). Hukum Islam dan Transformasi Pemikiran. Dina Utama.
Thabrani, A. M. (2015). Ijtihad Politik Umar ibn Al-Khattab (Implementasi Fiqh Kontekstual dalam Pemerintahan Islam). Nuansa: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Sosial Dan Keagamaan Islam, 12(2), 259–284. https://doi.org/10.19105/nuansa.v12i2.770
Tiwana, M. M. (1972). al-Ijtihad wa Mada Hajatuna Ilayhi fi Hadz al-’Ashr. Dar al-Kutub al-Hadisiyah.
Tono, S. (2013). Wasiat Wajibah sebagai Alternatif Mengakomodasi Bagian Ahli Waris non Muslim di Indonesia [Universitas Islam Indonesia]. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/9416
Usman, M. (2015). Rekontruksi Teori Hukum Islam. LKiS.
Usman, S. (1997). Fikih Mawaris: Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Gaya Media Pratama.
Witro, D. (2020). Maqashid Syari’ah as a Filter of Hoax through Al-Quran Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 18(2), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v18i2.1133
Witro, D. (2021a). Muhammad Syahrur, Teori Limitasi, dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum, 18(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v18i1.2926
Witro, D. (2021b). Nilai Wasathiyah dan Harakah dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah: Sebuah Pendekatan Filosofis Sikap dan Persepsi Bankir Terhadap Bunga Bank. Al-Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law, 3(1), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v3i1.4570
Yulisa, I., Yusuf, M., Witro, D., Putri, L. A., Rasidin, M., & Alamin, N. (2020). Arrangement and Dynamication of Family Law Updating in Indonesia. Al-‘Adl, 13(2), 288–306. https://doi.org/10.31332/aladl.v13i2.1879
Zuhaily, W. (1998). Ushûl al-Fiqh al-Islâmi. Dâr al-Fikr al-Mu’ashir.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jis.v22i1.2968
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 503 timesPDF - 379 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Rumah Jurnal IAIN Manado
Jl. Dr. S.H. Sarundajang, Kawasan Ringroad I, Malendeng Manado Kode Pos 95128, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia.
All publication by Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, ISSN 1693-4202 (Print), ISSN 2528-0368 (Online)
 |
 |
 |
 |