Dekonstruksi Mitos Hantu di Indonesia: Pendekatan Integratif Tafsir, Neurosains, dan Sosiologi
Abstract
Abstract: Indonesian society remains entangled in "Mystical Logic" (Logika Mistika), as conceptualized by Tan Malaka, where natural phenomena and cognitive biases are frequently interpreted through supernatural lenses. This research aims to deconstruct the existence of visual ghosts (such as pocong and kuntilanak) through an integrative approach encompassing Islamic theology, neuroscience, and social critique. Employing a literature review method with theoretical triangulation, this study presents three primary findings. First, theologically, the human eye lacks the biological capacity to perceive the original form of Jinn (QS. Al-A'raf: 27), except through the mechanism of Tamatsul (material solidification) which is subject to the laws of physics. Modern ghost sightings, characterized by transparency, fail to meet this requirement. Second, scientifically, ghost sightings are illusions triggered by the mechanisms of Pareidolia, the Hyperactive Agency Detection Device (HADD), and environmental phenomena such as infrasound. Third, the inconsistency of ghostly forms, which are bound by geographical borders, proves that they are cultural constructions rather than objective realities. This study concludes that a firm demarcation is necessary between believing in the Unseen (Ghaib) entities (Jinn) and rejecting visual superstitions, in order to purify monotheism (Tawhid) and foster a scientific society free from mystical fatalism.
Key Words : Ghaib, Mystical Logic, Pareidolia, Tamatsul, Tafsir Al-Manar
Masyarakat Indonesia masih terjebak dalam Logika Mistika (Tan Malaka), di mana fenomena alam dan bias kognitif seringkali ditafsirkan secara supranatural. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendekonstruksi eksistensi hantu visual (seperti pocong dan kuntilanak) melalui pendekatan integratif: teologi Islam, neurosains, dan kritik sosial. Menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan triangulasi teori, penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, secara teologis, mata manusia tidak memiliki kapasitas biologis untuk melihat wujud asli Jin (QS. Al-A'raf: 27), kecuali melalui mekanisme Tamatsul (pemadatan materi) yang tunduk pada hukum fisika. Penampakan hantu modern yang transparan tidak memenuhi syarat ini. Kedua, secara saintifik, penampakan hantu merupakan ilusi yang dipicu oleh mekanisme Pareidolia, Hyperactive Agency Detection Device (HADD), dan fenomena lingkungan seperti infrasound. Ketiga, inkonsistensi wujud hantu yang terikat batas geografis membuktikan bahwa ia adalah konstruksi budaya, bukan realitas objektif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya demarkasi tegas antara mengimani entitas Ghaib (Jin) dengan menolak takhayul visual, demi memurnikan tauhid dan membentuk masyarakat berbasis sains (Scientific Society) yang bebas dari fatalisme mistis.
Kata Kunci : Ghaib, Logika Mistika, Pareidolia, Tamatsul, Tafsir Al-Manar
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v10i2.3977
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